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Module IIA. Innovations in Soy Chemistry: Industrial Case Studies

Module IIA. Innovations in Soy Chemistry: Industrial Case Studies
Contributors
Professor Emerita Organic Chemistry and Laboratory Director
Augsburg University
Omni Tech International, Ltd
Executive Director | Beyond Benign, Inc.
Instruction and Research Manager, Higher Education | Beyond Benign, Inc.
A farm background with green rectangle
Summary
Module II presents seven case studies that highlight the successful replacement of petroleum-based industrial chemicals with renewable soybean oil or meal, demonstrating the application of green principles and sustainable innovation. Each case study is supported by references that allow educators to expand the material or assign readings for students. While each study could be further enriched with additional chemistry topics, the authors have intentionally designed them to be easily integrated into existing curricula, with the goal of sparking deeper exploration based on instructor interests and expertise.

Six of the case studies focus on specific applications--such as transformer oils or wood adhesives--that connect fundamental chemistry concepts with real-world uses. These examples emphasize both the performance benefits and sustainability attributes of soy-based technologies while posing discussion questions to engage students in critical thinking.

One case study features polyols derived from soybean oil and is complemented by a video series by Professor Mojgan Nejad of Michigan State University. These polyols play a vital role in more sustainable polyurethane production and provide an accessible entry point into polymer chemistry.

Each of the six case studies includes a detailed Word document along with a PowerPoint presentation that summarizes the content for effective use in the classroom.

The module was reviewed by Andrew Aebly (Ph.D.), Jessica Tischler (Ph.D.), Robert Bice (Ed.D), Rachel Jones Lipinski (Ph.D.), Nikita Burrows (Ph.D.), Anita Nehra (Ph.D.), and Vaso Lykirounou (Ph.D) and pilot tested by Allison Nofzinger (Ph.D.), Anita Nehra (Ph.D.), Faith Sutu Patrick-Inezi and Jihyun Kim (Ph.D.).
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.59877/JRWD4440
Learning Goals/Student Objectives
1. Identify and analyze key reactions of soybean oil and derivatives and explain how these reactions influence applications
2. Evaluate case studies of soy-based industrial products that currently replace or have the potential to replace petroleum-based applications.
3. List and apply the principles of green chemistry explaining their relevance to the design of sustainable applications highlighted in case studies
Object Type
Lecture or course slides/notes (e.g., PPT, Prezi, PDF)
Activities/Technology (e.g., in-class activities, online games, hands-on activities/manipulatives, outreach, virtual tools, etc.)
Assessments
Case studies
Audience
Introductory Undergraduate
Upper/Advanced Undergraduate
Graduate or Professional Training (e.g., Postdoctoral Fellows, Early-Career Professionals)
Common pedagogies covered
Context-based learning
Problem-based learning
Student-centered learning
Green Chemistry Principles
Waste Prevention
Atom Economy
Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses
Designing Safer Chemicals
Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries
Design for Energy Efficiency
Use of Renewable Feedstocks
Reduce Derivatives
Catalysis
Design for Degradation
Real-Time Pollution Prevention
Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention
Safety Precautions, Hazards, and Risk Assessment
N/A
Teacher Recommendations or Piloting Data (if available)
Some notes from initial piloting of the module:

AP chemistry, 20 students, 10-12 graders
I feel that this is not something I can do during the course BEFORE the AP test. I think its more applicable AFTER when we have time. There is many topics that the kids haven't heard of yet or been exposed in a high school class. I think the soy concept is very important and needs to be explored.
The students thought it was cool that soy is used to make these products and wonder why we are now losing this crop sale overseas.
It's for upper level or when they have time. It doesn't fit well into the AP curriculum but used after the test.
It's good to show students the other types of chemistry and being exposed to what they will or can at a higher level. I think there is a heavy emphasis on biological chem as well. I will probably pass along to my AP bio teacher.

Chemistry of Environment and Sustainability, Masters in Chemistry, two students, Chemistry
Content is detailed with required background knowledge. As I teach a chemistry of environment and sustainability, it suited well with my course as a case study material as well as understanding of the student towards green and sustainability increased. The modules are very useful, we are planning to refer it to try the similar works for peanut which is locally produced in Rajasthan. We are also planning to add in our two more courses in the next academic year: Green Chemistry course taken by Masters and an undergraduate course which has green chemistry as one part of it.
Students were very engaged and liked both the modules. They were excited to do the module III as well but we had limited time in this academic year, did not have all the chemicals to carry out the experiments, we are still waiting for the reagents to come.
Educators teaching green and sustainability chemistry courses should take advantage of these modules. This is nicely designed for the undergraduate students of final year and postgraduates students. Even PhD students can benefit from this, if interested. This may be a start to using several kinds of novel renewable feedstock for creating wide range of compounds and products.

I piloted the materials as a sub-topic in Industrial Chemical Processes I for 300 Level Students. Though, the class size was expected to be 20, but we had only 10 students in attendance. I originally thought we could cover this entire curriculum module with the students in just one session. But honestly, after taking the time to read through everything myself and then running that first session with the class, I realized the material is incredibly detailed, well-designed, and genuinely useful—it’s much richer than it first seemed. Because of that depth, we definitely need to schedule several follow-up sessions to make sure we do justice to all the content in both Module II and Module III.
As an Educator in Nigeria, to enhance the curriculum's impact in developing nations like Nigeria, the module should be improved by strategically incorporating local elements. This includes featuring Nigerian-based case studies on Green Chemistry and small-to-medium enterprises utilizing soy, significantly boosting relevance and student motivation.
A vital addition is an alternative guide for resource-constrained laboratories for Module III, detailing simplified, equipment-substitution-based experimental procedures.
Finally, to ensure practical applicability, the facilitator's guide should offer pedagogical strategies for large class sizes and explicitly link Green Chemistry principles to specific Nigerian environmental regulations or national agricultural policies.
My students were actively involved and engaged. Though, we are yet to conduct the experiments listed in Module II and III. We have made plans to conduct it soon.
My advise to other educators using this curriculum module is that Educators must first recognize the curriculum's unexpected depth, requiring them to allocate ample, multi-session instructional time to cover complex concepts thoroughly. A crucial step is to prioritize local contextualization, urging students to research Nigerian cultivation and industry applications to bridge the gap from U.S.-centric examples to local realities. Furthermore, practical advice for developing nations includes proactively managing resource constraints: pre-downloading digital materials for offline use and adapting the practical components by focusing on low-cost laboratory techniques that utilize readily available equipment, ensuring the module is accessible and effective across all institutions.
I'd like to say that it was an opportunity for me to learn, as the curriculum is rich and detailed. I deeply appreciate everyone who contributed as an Author. Thank you.