Carbonyls Redox: Aldehydes and Ketones
Contributors
Summary
This module covers aldehydes and ketones as the substrates and products of redox reactions. Structure is explained with both Lewis structures and molecular orbitals to discuss mechanisms in the context of green chemistry. Students need to be familiar with organic functional groups, reactions, and proposing a mechanism.
The goal of this module is to understand the structure, reactions, and uses of aldehydes and ketones. Conventional redox reactions as a class comprise some of the most wasteful and toxic reactions, and greener redox reactions are an opportunity to update the curriculum with more sustainable chemistry. Students will use mechanism-based understanding of nucleophiles and electrophiles to choose greener reaction conditions for redox reactions of aldehydes and ketones as starting materials (including some as biofeedstocks), or products of alcohol oxidation. Students will evaluate and develop a Systems Oriented Concept Map Extension (SOCME) to compare and evaluate the environmental impact, toxicity, and life cycle from source to the end-fate of retinoids in skin treatments.
There are four units: 1.) nomenclature, structure, and oxidation state, 2.) reduction of aldehydes and ketones, 3.) carbon-carbon bond forming reactions of carbonyls, 4.) oxidation to make aldehydes and ketones, and retrosynthetic analysis. Unit 1 also serves as a platform to introduce and reinforce the concepts of systems thinking using a Systems Oriented Concept Map Extension (SOCME) assignment.
Green chemistry concepts include: 1.) using biofeedstocks for oxidation-state matching to improve multi-step synthesis, 2.) synthetic efficiency, 3.) preventing waste through reagent selectivity and balanced reactions, 4.) avoiding the toxicity and hazards of reagents and by-products, and 5.) chemical and enzymatic redox catalysis. UN SDGs 3: Good Health, 8: Safe Working Environment, 10: Reduced Inequalities, 12: Responsible Consumption and Production, and 13: Climate Action are addressed in this module.
The GCTLC learning object external link takes you to the ACS GCI website to download the learning materials. Once there, use the Module Overview document to guide you through using these impactful learning materials.
This module was developed by Felicia A. Etzkorn, Jamie L. Ferguson, and Maggie B. Bump for the green chemistry educational module project with the American Chemical Society Green Chemistry Institute; Sarah Kennedy and David Laviska reviewed and published the module.
The goal of this module is to understand the structure, reactions, and uses of aldehydes and ketones. Conventional redox reactions as a class comprise some of the most wasteful and toxic reactions, and greener redox reactions are an opportunity to update the curriculum with more sustainable chemistry. Students will use mechanism-based understanding of nucleophiles and electrophiles to choose greener reaction conditions for redox reactions of aldehydes and ketones as starting materials (including some as biofeedstocks), or products of alcohol oxidation. Students will evaluate and develop a Systems Oriented Concept Map Extension (SOCME) to compare and evaluate the environmental impact, toxicity, and life cycle from source to the end-fate of retinoids in skin treatments.
There are four units: 1.) nomenclature, structure, and oxidation state, 2.) reduction of aldehydes and ketones, 3.) carbon-carbon bond forming reactions of carbonyls, 4.) oxidation to make aldehydes and ketones, and retrosynthetic analysis. Unit 1 also serves as a platform to introduce and reinforce the concepts of systems thinking using a Systems Oriented Concept Map Extension (SOCME) assignment.
Green chemistry concepts include: 1.) using biofeedstocks for oxidation-state matching to improve multi-step synthesis, 2.) synthetic efficiency, 3.) preventing waste through reagent selectivity and balanced reactions, 4.) avoiding the toxicity and hazards of reagents and by-products, and 5.) chemical and enzymatic redox catalysis. UN SDGs 3: Good Health, 8: Safe Working Environment, 10: Reduced Inequalities, 12: Responsible Consumption and Production, and 13: Climate Action are addressed in this module.
The GCTLC learning object external link takes you to the ACS GCI website to download the learning materials. Once there, use the Module Overview document to guide you through using these impactful learning materials.
This module was developed by Felicia A. Etzkorn, Jamie L. Ferguson, and Maggie B. Bump for the green chemistry educational module project with the American Chemical Society Green Chemistry Institute; Sarah Kennedy and David Laviska reviewed and published the module.
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