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Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Kinetics
Contributors
Associate Professor | Stony Brook University
North Park University
Portfolio Manager for Education ACSGCI | American Chemical Society Green Chemistry Institute (ACS GCI)
Associate Professor | Radford University
Learning Objets
Summary
This module teaches fundamental concepts in chemical kinetics for General Chemistry using examples of water quality and water treatment. Key chemistry topics include concentration vs. time data; rate constants (k); reaction order; rate law expressions (including integrated rate laws); determining rates, rate laws, and rate constants from graphical and/or tabulated data; half-life; Arrhenius relationships; activation energy; reaction coordinate diagrams; and chemical mechanisms.

The context of this module ties closely to green and sustainable chemistry as well as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (UN-SDG) 6: Clean Water and Sanitation. Context-related topics include where water is sourced, trade-offs between disinfecting water and forming disinfection byproducts, and specific reactions important for water treatment. The module situates drinking water sources, drinking water treatment, and impacts of drinking water quality in an interconnected system.

To address prevalent misunderstandings in the field of kinetics, activities and concepts aim to clarify the relationship between equations, graphs, and the molecular viewpoint. Course material includes lecture slides (i.e., PowerPoint), small group or think-pair-share activities, guided exercises, and summative quiz or exam questions. The out-of-class activities include hands-on computer simulations based on a freely- accessible version of the Stella platform. These activities are meant to enhance student engagement with the material and facilitate the interpretation of kinetics graphs, data, and equations.

The GCTLC learning object external link takes you to the ACS GCI website to download the learning materials. Once there, use the Module Overview document to guide you through using these impactful learning materials.

This module was developed by Katherine B. Aubrecht and John B. Randazzo for the green chemistry educational module project with the American Chemical Society Green Chemistry Institute; Sarah Kennedy and David Laviska edited, reviewed, and published the module.
Learning Goals/Student Objectives
1. Explain how knowledge of rates of change is useful in the context of chemical reactions or other contexts.
2. Determine initial, average, and instantaneous rate from change over time data.
3. Explain what a rate constant is and how to determine its units.
4. Describe parts of a rate law expression, e.g., rate = k[A]n.
5. Write a rate expression in terms of change of concentration over change in time based on a balanced chemical equation.
6. Use initial rates data to determine rate law, overall reaction order
7. Use rate law expressions to determine how rate changes as concentration of reactants change.
8. Using integrated rate expressions and graphical kinetic data for first and second order reactions, determine the order in a reactant and the value of the rate constant
9. Interpret concentration vs. time, rate vs. time, and rate vs. concentration graphs, including how these graphs change for reactions of different orders and different rate constants.
10. Use the first- and second- order integrated rate laws to calculate the concentration of reactant at a given reaction time.
11. Explain the concept of half-life, how half-life is related to the rate constant, and use half-life to calculate concentrations over time given initial concentrations.
12. Use the Arrhenius equation to determine how rate constant changes with temperature.
13. Use rate constant vs. temperature data to calculate activation energy.
14. Interpret reaction coordinate diagram, including identifying reactants, products, activation barriers, and intermediates.
15. Describe the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction.
16. Explain the information given in a reaction mechanism and identify “reactants”, “products”, “intermediates”, and “catalysts” in a mechanism.
17. Analyze if a proposed mechanism is consistent with a given chemical reaction and experimentally determined rate law expression.
18. Explain, in general terms, where drinking water can come from, what harmful contaminants may be in it, and how it may be purified.
19. Describe the trade-offs between disinfecting drinking water and forming disinfection byproducts.
20. Describe how kinetic studies can be used to optimize drinking water treatment methods.
21. Discuss the role of chemistry in achieving the UNSDGs, specifically UNSDG 6, clean water and sanitation.
22. Use systems thinking to analyze how knowledge of rates of change (in different subsystems) contributes to availability and safety of drinking water.
Object Type
Lecture or course slides/notes (e.g., PPT, Prezi, PDF)
Activities/Technology (e.g., in-class activities, online games, hands-on activities/manipulatives, outreach, virtual tools, etc.)
Assessments
Case studies
Small resource sets
Audience
Introductory Undergraduate
Common pedagogies covered
Collaborative/cooperative learning
Context-based learning
Problem-based learning
Student-centered learning
Green Chemistry Principles
Waste Prevention
Catalysis
U.N. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Clean Water and Sanitation
Safety Precautions, Hazards, and Risk Assessment
N/A
Teacher Recommendations or Piloting Data (if available)
Slides could be given in a traditional lecture format. Formative assessments, especially Stella-based activities may be best as out-of-class activities but could be adapted to in-class if student technology (i.e., computer with internet) is available. Summative assessment questions were written for an in-class exam or quiz.
NGSS Standards, if applicable
N/A

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